Coke oven batteries



June 22, 1965 P. WE1-Hm( coKE OVEN, BATTERIES 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed Sept. 27. 1961 I I I I l IL June 22, 1965 F. wETHLY com ovEN BATTERIES Filed Sept. 27. 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

,9m/v5 Aff/52V June 22, 1965 Filed Sept. 2'7. 1961 f F. wE'rHLY COKE OVEN BATTERIES 45 Sheets-Shen 3 INVENTOR.

ffm/.5 f77/r 5 Sheets-Sheei 4 F. wETHLY COKE OVEN BATTERIES June 22, 1965 Filed sept. 27. 1961 June 22, 1965 F. WETHLY 3,190,815v

' COKE OVEN BATTERIES Filed sept. 2v. 1961 5 sheets-sheet 5 74 74 INVENTOR.

, /r/PHIV-S' IVI/'4L y ArraAM/y United States Patent() 3,190,315 Y CKE @VEN BATTEREES i Frans Wethly, Manhasset, NY., assigner to Allied 'Chem- This invention relates to a regenerative coke oven battery and more particularly to a twin flue regenerative underjet or gas gun coke oven battery in which fuel gas is burned eiliciently to provide uniform heating of the coal charge in the tapered coking chambers.

It is an object of this invention to provide a simplified design :of regenerative coke oven battery requiring less capital investment for construction and of increased throughput and this without sacrifice to the elliciency of the coking operation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such battery having the gas ports associated with the regenerators and the flues designed to give desirable distribution of air and gas to the individual flues so that uniform and rapid colzing of the coal charge in each coking chamber occurs. Y

Still another object of this invention is to provide such battery in which the regenerators are of simplified design yielding optimum ow of air therethrough to give desired air distribution to the ilues of each heating wall to take into account oven taper and radiation losses at the pusher and coke side of the battery.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description thereof.

In vertical llue ovens of modern design, each horizontal coking chamber is relatively high, e.g., 14 to 20 feet, 40 to 50 feet or longer in length and tapered from the narrower pusher `side to the wider coke side of the battery. Because of the taper, the amount of coal inside each coking chamber progressively increases from the narrower pusher end of the chamber to the wider coke end thereof. Consequently, to obtain uniform Coking a greater heat supply is progressively required all along the length of the coking chamber from pusher side to coke lside of the battery. Moreover additional heat must be supplied -to the end flues to compensate for radiation losses.

The vertical flues in each heating wall on each side of each coking chamber must, of course, uniformly supply coking heat over the charge height, which as noted in modern ovens is Vfrom 14 to 20 feet high. Such heights require special provisions to maintain the cornbustion gases in the vertical ilues hot enough along their course of travel through the ilues to uniformly coke the coal. Because rich fuel gas tends to burn with a short hot llame, this problem of heat uniformity is more severe when a coke oven battery is tired with a rich fuel gas such as coke oven gas or natural gas than when fired with a preheated lean gas such as blast furnace gas. Y

In accordance with this invention, the regenerative coke oven battery comprises alternate heating walls and coking chambers, tapered as customary from the narrower pusher side to the wider coke side of the battery. Each heating wall has vertical flues therein, preferably twin ilues. Regenerator partition walls are positioned beneath the heating walls. Regenerator chambers subcompartmented by the checker design and construction and equipped with entry and exit air ports calibrated to suit oven taper are disposed between each pair of adjacent partition walls. Thus a pair of crosswise regenerators are positioned beneath each coking chamber. Each of these crosswise extending regenerators is further compartmented along its length (the width of the battery) lgf Patented dune 22, lgti CeY by checker design and construction so that each compartment communicates with a single flue.

Each crosswise extending regenerator communicates with the inflow ilues of the pair of heating walls flanking the coking chamber thereabove. The outflow flues (the other member of the twin flue) of each heating wall communicates with an adjacent crosswise extending regenerator beneath the immediately adjacent coking charnber. Thus along the length of the battery, a pair of crosswise extending regenerators between a pair of adjacent partition walls operates for inilow and communi- Cates with the inflow flues on the opposite sides of a cokingL chamber above the pair of regenerators and the next pair of crosswise regenerators operates for outflow and communicates with the outflow llues on opposite sides of the coking chamber thereabove. One crosswise regenerator of each pair communicates with the tlues on one side of a coking chamber thereabove and the other crosswise regenerator of each pair communicates with the inflow ilues on the other side of the same coking chamber. The regenerators communicate with a single waste gas flue disposed on either the pusher or coke side of the battery. The entire structure rests on a mat supported by pillars defining a basement space in the case of an underjet oven or rests on a suitable foundation or other support in the case of a gas gun oven.

In the case of an underjet oven, the flues are supplied with rich gas such as coke oven or natural gas or rich gas diluted with lean gas through gas conduits individual to each llue and extending from a gas manifold in the basement space through the partition walls to the burners in the base of the flues. For a gas gun oven the usual gas channels in the base of the llues are provided with gas nozzles, one for each ilue.

Each ilue is provided with an oblong port communicating with a regenerator for supply of air thereto. A vertical riser or stack extends from the median area of this oblongv port. These ports are graduated in width in the interior flues of each heating wall from the pusher side to the coke side of the battery. A portion of the air passes through the riser in each ilue and the remainder directly into the base of the ilue through the oblong port, the ratio of air passing through the riser and the base ports being maintained the same in -all flues of each heat-` ing wall by the graduated oblong port construction. Thus in each flue containing the riser or stack, fuel gas sup* plied to the flue is burned in the base of each flue, the products of combustion rising and diluting the fuel'gas which burns in the more elevated regions of the ilues where additional air is supplied at the outlet ends of the risers to support combustion in these elevated regions. An elongated lazy llame is thus produced in each ilue with progressively greater heat generation in the interior flues from the pusher to the coke side of the battery to supply progressively more heat to each coking chamber to take into account oven taper and radiation losses from the ends of the battery.

ln the attached drawings forming a part of this specilication and showing for purposes of exempliication a preferred embodiment of the invention, but without limiting the invention to this embodiment:

FIGURE l is a composite vertical section taken cross- 'wise to the battery, the left hand portion being taken FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary plan view showing the ports at the base of the ues of a heating wall;

FIGURE 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along line 5 5 of FIGURE 4 showing the relationship of the flue division walls, the risers or stacks and the underjet rich gas burners in the flues;

FIGURE 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, similar to FIGURE 5, but showing a different arrangement of risers or stacks in the heating ues of a heating Wall; and

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary section along line 6 6 of FIGURE 1 showing the checker brick work in a regenerator.

Referring to the drawings, the coke oven battery structure illustrated (see FIGURES 1, 2) is of the hair pin flue type and comprises a foundation 16 which extends the full length and width of the battery. Resting on this foundation are the pillars 11 which support the mat 12 defining the upper surface of the basement space 13. The battery proper rests on mat 12 and is built from refractory brick work to contain a series of transversely extending high coking chambers 14, say from 14 to 2O feet high, with heating Walls alternating with the coking chambers.. The heating walls each contain a plurality of hair pin flues each constituted of two branches 16 and 17 interconnected at their tops as at 1S. The sides of each heating wall, as shown in FIGURE 3, are built from a single course of superimposed silica brick 19, of high density, eg., about 110 lbs. per cubic foot, of uniform thickness, about 4 inches, from a point 21 near the interconnection between the tops of the hair pin flues down to the first course of brick 22 at the base of the flue.

In the lower portion of this oven battery structure, as best shown in FIGURE 2, are transversely extending regenerators 23, arranged in pairs, with each pair directly beneath a coking chamber 14 thereabove, and one pair separated from an adjacent pair by a refractory pillar wall 24 (FIGURE 2) positioned directly beneath heating wall 15.

The paired construction of the regenerators 23 is produced by employing checkers 25 (FIGURE 7), desirably of fireclay, of rectangular, desirably oblong shape constituted of back wall 26, opposite from Wall 27, end walls 28 and 29 and having vertical passages 30 passing therethrough from top to bottom thereof. The checkers are disposed in each regenerator back to back, as shown in FIGURE 6, thus forming a division wall 31 which separates the crosswise extending regenerator 23a from adjacent crosswise extending regenerator 23b between a pair of adjacent regenerator pillar walls 24. The checkers 25 are placed in superimposed layers, with the passages 30 aligned for flow therethrough from top to bottom. If desired, the checkers may be shaped to provide for transverse intercommunication between the passages 30 in the area between the bounding walls of each checker, in which case they may be laid in staggered relation with the joints of the checkers of one course out of alignment with those of the next course. The important factor is that the checkers are laid back to lback to form the dividing wall 31 between each pair of crosswise extending regenerators for the full -length thereof. Each wall 31 can extend the full height of the regenerators or the regenerators at the opposite sides of each dividing wall 31 may both communicate with a common space 31a at the top of each pair of regenerators 23a and 23b.

Each crosswise extending regenerator 23a and 23b of each pair is divided into a plurality of side by side compartments 33 (FIG. 1). There is one such compartment for each Hue in the heating wall thereabove. This division is effected by the checkers 25 which are placed end to end to form the division walls 34 between adjacent compartments. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURES 1 and 6, checkers 25 are so dimensioned that when placed end to end a division wall 34 is formed between adjacent checkers. However, two or more checkers may be used in each horizontal course with, say, every second or third checker in a horizontal direction laid end to end with a contiguous checker in the same course to form the division wall 34 and with the checkers in the respective horizontal courses so arranged that the division wall 34 extends from the bus flues 35, 36 (FIGURE 2) at the base of each pair of regenerators 23a and 23b to the gas distribution space 31a at the top of each pair of regenerators.

The bus ilues 35, 36 of each pair of regenerators communicate with air inlet ports 33 (FIGURE l) at one side of the battery, flow through which is controlled by valves 39 actuated by conventional reversing mechanism so that alternate valves 39 along the length of the battery controlling ow to alternate pairs of regenerators (the inflow regenerators) are all open while the valves controlling air flow to the remaining regenerators (the outflow regenerators) are closed. Upon reversal, which may take place as often as every l5 minutes in the battery of this invention to speed up the coking cycle, the air ports which were previously open are closed and those which had been closed are opened.

The bus flues 35 and 36 at the opposite sides of the battery communicate with a chimney flue 41 through connecting ducts 42, flow through which is controlled by valves 43 actuated by conventional reversing mechanism so that these valves are open to permit flow ofproducts of combustion from alternate pairs of regenerators operating for outflow while interrupting the communication between the remaining regenerators and the chimney ue 41. Upon reversal, valves 43 which had previously been open are closed and those which had previously been closed are opened.

Each bus flue 35 and 36 communicates with regenerators 23a and 23b, respectively, through a replaceable plate 44 having ports which are graduated to supply the largest amount of air to the compartments 33 contiguous to the sides of the battery and progressively more air to the respective interior compartments from the pusher to the coke side of the battery. In this way the flow of air to each inflow regenerator is proportioned to take into account oven taper and radiation losses from the sides of the battery. Plates 44 preferably are of stainless steel or other metal capable of withstanding the temperature conditions at the base of the regenerators, rest on ledges 44 at the tops of the bus flues 35 and 36 and are each removable from one end of the regenerator and can be replaced by a plate having the desired port sizes to give optimum flow characteristics through the regenerators. Preferably a plate 44 is provided for each regenerator 23a and 23b which plate is composed of a series of units joined end to end so that they can be removed in unison. One such unit is individual to each compartment 33 of each regenerator and each unit has flow ports therein of a size to give optimum flow characteristics for the particular compartment in the base of which that unit is positioned. With this construction it is a comparatively simple matter to remove a plate 44, replace one or more units thereof with units having different port sizes, when necessary, join the respective units end to end to reform the plate 44 and replace this plate on its ledges 44.

From FIGURE 2, it will be noted that each crosswise regenerator 23a communicates through channels 4S, each leading into a base oblong port 46, with alternate flues (the base of one leg of each twin flue) of a heating Wall to the left side (viewing FIGURE 2) of a coking chamber directly above and the adjacent crosswise regenerator 23b communicates with alternate Iiues of the heating Wall to the right side of this coking chamber. The flues of the heating walls on opposite sides of each coking chamber communicating with the pair of regenerators 23a and 23b beneath this coking chamber are in the same phase, i.e., function as inflow flues during one cycle of operation and as outflow flues during the succeeding cycle. The remaining tlues in each heating wall on opposite sides of each coking chamber communicate with one of the pair of regenerators 23a and 23b beneath the next coking chamber. Thus considering, for example, coking chamber Ma of FIGURE 2, regenerators 23a and 23h beneath chamber 14a communicate with alternate ues in each of the heating walls ilanking chamber Ma. The remaining fines in the heating wall to the right of chamber llia communicate with regenerator 23a beneath chamber 14. The remaining ilues in the heating wall to the left of'charnber 14a communicate with regenerator 23h beneath chamber 4b. Thus along the length of the battery a pair of air inow regenerators 23a, 23h alternate with the next pair of regenerators 23a, 23!) which function for products of combustion outiiow. As the iniiow regenerators are separated from the ontfiow regenerators by a thick and massive regenerator division wall 24, leakage from the iniiow to the outiiow regenerators or vice versa does not take place. i

The walls 3l formed `by placing the checkers in the regenerators back to back separate the regenerator 23a from 2317 of eachpair of regenerators between adjacent massive division walls 2d. The individual regenerators 23a and 2311 of each pair are always in the same phase, ie., Ioperate either for inflow of air or for, outflow of products of combustion. It some leakage takes place through walls 31 there is no loss or harm because, as noted, the regenerators on opposite sides of this wall are always in the same phase. This is also true of the separating walls 34 defining the ends of the compartments 33 of each regenerator. Hence with the battery of the present invention, it is feasible to mal-re the division walls 31 and the compartment defining walls 34 by arranging the checkers back to back and end to end in each course in each regenerator with consequent saving in construction costs. This simplied regenerator construction, it will be noted, eliminates the masonry curtain or division wall between contiguous crosswise regenerators forming each pair between a pair of massive regenerator division walls 34. In other words the separate masonry division wall heretofore commonly used between adjacent regenerators of each pair is eliminated, and such wall is in effect produced by the checkers positioned back to back so that the entire effective area of the space between adjacent regenerator division walls 24 is filled with checkers forming two side by side compartmented regenerators. Hence crosswise extending regenerator chamber width of workable dimensions results.

Each compartment 33 of each crosswire extending regenerator 23a and 23h is individual to one leg of a twin flue. Considering for illustrative purposes 'the regenerators 23a and 2.3i; beneath the coking chambers Mrt and 14h in FIGURE 2, the channels 4S from compartments 33 of regenerator 23h beneath coking chamber 14a lead to alternate flues of the heating wall to the right of chamber Mb, and the channels of the regenerator 23a beneath coking chamber )14a lead to the remaining flues in the heating wall to the right of coking chamber 14b. As best shown in FIGURE 1, the respective channels 45 of the compartments on opposite sides of each division wall 24, which compartments communicate with one and the same twin flue, are displaced from each other in a direction along the width of the battery. In FIGURES l and 3 the channel leading into the regenerator compartment is shown in full lines and is indicated by the reference character 45, whereas the corresponding channel leading into the regenerator compartment on the opposite side of the division wall 24 is shown in dotted lines and is indicated by the reference character 45'.

Referring now to FIGURES 3, 4 and 5, it will be noted that the base of each ilue is provided with a gas supply port positioned adjacent the oblong port do. A stack of riser 52, desirably from 24 to 36 inches in height `for a coke oven battery the coking chambers of which are rorn 14 to 2O feet in height, is formed in the interior ues preferably in all but the pusher and coke side :dues

in the embodiment shown in FIGURE 5, although Vthis stack or riser may be omitted from a few interior lines in each heating wall, if desired. v

in FIGURE 5 risers v52 are all of the same height. In the alternative form shown in FIGURE 6 risers 52a in alternate flues of each heating wall are of appreciably less height than the risers 52h in the adjoining lues. The invention includes structures such as shown in FIGURE 5 or FIGURE 6 in which every other tine of each heating wall is provided with an oblong port to graduated in width as hereinafter disclosed, but the `stack or riser 52 is omitted from every other flue of each heating wall.

Riser 52 is formed by shaping the end brick 53 (FIG- URE 4) separating contiguous dues lo and 17 of each twin flue to form on each end brick 53 a hollow extension 5ft. Four, five or more such brick 53 are positioned one above the other to form the riser 52 directly above the central area of an oblong port 46 as clearly shown in FIGURE 4. The vertical plane bisecting the opening in riser SZ is coincident with the transverse median of oblong port 46.

Desirably, but not necessarily, a slider brick 55 (FIG- URES l3 and 5) is positioned on ledge So at the top of the riser 57.. Brick 57 directly above the riser 52 of each flue containing same is formed with an inclined surface 58 permitting the insertion of a tool therein through access line 59 (FIGURE 3) to adjust the slider brick 55. There is, of course, one such access Hue 59 individual to each leg 16 and t7 of each twin ue in each heating wall.

As shown in FIGURE 4, the widths of the respective oblong ports 46 in the interior lues of each heating wall are graduated from the pusher side to the coke side of the battery to take into account oven taper. The oblong ports 46 in each heating wall are all ot the same length. The cross-sectional area of the base of each riser 52 in each heating wall is the same. By graduating the respective widths of the oblong ports, as herein disclosed, the ratio of air supplied to the base of each ue of a heating wall containing a riser and that supplied to that iiue at the top of the riser is the same; desirably two-thirds of the air is supplied to the base of the iiue and one-third of the air through the riser. Since the air supply to the regenerator compartments of each crosswise regenerator is graduated by the graduated ports in plate 44 to take into account oven taper and radiation losses from the sides of the battery, graduation of the width of the oblong ports gives the desired division of air at the base and intermediate height of the flues to support combustion of the fuel gas supplied to the inflow tlues to produce therein the desired long lazy iiame with rapid and ecient coking of the charge in each coking chamber. The graduation of the ports in the tlues and regenerator compartments also permits outow of the products of combustion with distribution to the respective regenerator Vcompartments giving most eiiicient utilization of the heat in the combustion products to preheat the incoming air.

In one illustrative embodiment, the pusher side liuc port 46 is 41/2 inches wide; the next flue port is 3%; inches wide; the next four iue ports are 2%; inches wide; the next four flue ports are 31/16 inches wide; the next four flue por-ts are 33/15 inches wide; the nextfour flue ports are 3% inches wide; the next four ue ports are 31/2 inches wide; the next four line ports are 311/16 inches Wide; the next yllue port 4 inches wide; `and the coke side iue port is 41/2 inches wide. It will be appreciated that these dimensions are given for illustrative purposes only and this invention is not limited to a coke oven battery having twenty-eight iiues, nor to such battery having the particular port and riser dimensions given.

` The end iiues, i.e., the pusher and coke side ilues and the iiues continguous thereto have Wider oblong ports 46 than the remaining interior iiues to accommodate the greater flow of air to support combustion and the outtlow of the greater volume of combustion products necessary to account for radiation losses at the sides of the battery.

Starting with the third flue from the pusher side of the battery, the width of the oblong ports in the embodiment shown on the drawings, gradually increases from 2%: inches to 311/16 inches. Such graduation of the ports 46 gives optimum air distribution and outflow of combustion products necessary to account for oven taper and, as noted, gives in each flue the same ratio of air supply to the base of the ues and to the intermediate height to effect burning of the fuel gas with a long lazy flame, an important desideratum in the heating of the relatively high coking chambers of modern coke oven batteries.

Each coking chamber 14, as conventional, is provided with a plurality of charging holes 65 (FIGURE 1) in its top and an uptake 66 leading into the uptake pipes 67 communicating with the collector main 68 at one side of the battery. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURE 1, flow through each uptake pipe 67 is controlled by a liquid-seal valve 69 of known type; it will be understood that any desired construction of uptake valve mechanism for controlling fiow therethrough and collector main can be used. Also as conventional and as shown in FIGURE 2, the ends of the battery are each provided with a bulkhead 60, having Ventilating openings 61 therein.

In the basement space 13 a rich gas main 71 is positioned connected at spaced points along the length of the battery with manifolds 72. Two such manifolds 72, as best shown in FIGURE 2, are provided for each heating wall, one supplying fuel gas to alternate heating flues, and the other for supplying fuel gas to the remaining lines. One manifold supplies fuel gas to flues operating for inflow during one cycle of operation while flow from the other manifold is interrupted. Upon reversal the other manifold supplies fuel gas to the flues communicating therewith which then become inflow flues, and the flow from the first-mentioned manifold of the pair is interrupted, the ilues communicating therewith then functioning as outflow flues. Each manifold communicates with a group of risers 73 individual thereto which lead into channels 74 in the massive regenerator division walls 24. One such channel 74 is individual to each liue and supplies fuel gas thereto.

Main 71 is provided with rich gas such as coke oven or natural gas which can be diluted with a lean gas such as blast furnace gas, if desired, to give a gas of desired Btu. Flow from main 71 to the manifolds 72 is controlled by valves 75 operated by a conventional reversing mechanism, parts of which are indicated at 76, so that fuel gas is supplied to alternate manifolds 72 during one cycle of operation, and during the succeeding cycle of operation the ow of fuel gas to these alternate manifolds is interrupted and the fuel gas is supplied to the remaining manifolds. Each riser 73 is provided with a valve 77 (FIGURE l) which can be adjusted to give the desired iiow of fuel gas to the ue with which that riser communicates.

A decarbonizing air main 78 is positioned in the basement space 13 and supplies decarbonizing air to alternate manifolds 72 and the burner in the ilues communicating therewith during the cycle of operation when fuel gas is not supplied to these manifolds. The flow of decarbonizing air is reversed when the flow of fuel gas is reversed, decarbonizing air being supplied to the manifolds 72 and the burner nozzles communicating therewith whenever fuel gas is not supplied thereto. An ample supply of decarbonizing air is thus supplied during the gas off period to insure complete removal of carbon from the burner nozzles 51 and the channels through which fuel gas is supplied to these burner nozzles.

As the structure and operation of the fuel gas and decarbonizing air supply to the ilues and reversing mechanism controlling flow of these media to the iiues can be of any well known type, further description thereof is considered unnecessary.

In the case of a gas gun oven, gas and decarbonizing air are supplied to the burners in the flues from gas channels positioned in the brickwork directly beneath the ilues, as is common practice in this type of oven.

As conventional, buckstays 81 are positioned at opposite sides of each heating wall and are suitably anchored at their bases by spring-pressed anchor bolts 82 (FIG. l) and at their tops by spring-pressed tie rods 83. The customary end buckstays 84 (FIGURE 2) are positioned at opposite ends of the battery.

It will be noted that the present invention provides a simplified design of regenerative coke oven battery having relatively high and long coking chambers and thus are of increased capacity, and this without sacrifice of the efficiency of the coking operation. The battery requires less capital investment for construction.

The graduated ports in the regenerators and oblong ports in the flues and the cooperating risers in the internal lues centrally positioned relative to the oblong ports give desirable distribution of air to support combustion of the fuel gas so that burning of the gas in the iiues takes place in long lazy flames, giving uniform and rapid coking of the coal charge in each coking chamber.

Moreover, the regenerator construction involving pairs of crosswise extending regenerators between each pair of massive regenerator division walls and with each pair of crosswise extending regenerators compartmented and separated from each other by the checker construction and designed with the ports controlling flow to the individual compartments graduated to take into account oven taper and radiation losses from the sides of the battery, gives the necessary distribution of air to the ilues accomplishing the aforesaid burning of the fuel gas therein in long lazy flames with the generation of heat to eiiciently and rapidly coke the coal charge in each coking chamber. With the design of the present coke oven battery, it is feasible to speed up the coking by reversing at intervals of the order of 15 minutes as compared with the heretofore conventional cycle requiring reversals about every thirty minutes, thus materially reducing the coking time and the capacity of the battery.

While a preferred embodiment of this invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus the invention is not limited to the twin flue oven battery shown in the drawing. The novel regenerator construction involving the checker-brick structure for forming a regenerator division wall between two crosswise extending regenerators in the same phase can be used in batteries having other ue arrangements than the twin flues disclosed herein. The novel graduated oblong port and associated risers for burning the fuel gas more effectively is applicable to vertical flue coke oven batteries generally, including such batteries having other arrangements of regenerators than those herein disclosed. Accordingly, all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is:

1. A coke oven battery comprising alternate coking chambers and heating walls, each heating wall having twin iiues therein; a massive regenerator partition wall beneath each heating wall; a pair of regenerators extending crosswise of the length of the battery and positioned beneath each coking chamber and in the space between adjacent regenerator partition walls, the division wall between the regenerators of each pair of said regenerators being formed by placing the checkers in said space back to back, the regenerators lengthwise of the battery being arranged in pairs of of air iniiow regenerators alternating with products of combustion outflow regenerators; oblong ports through which each pair of regenerators beneath each col'- ing chamber is communicably connected with the heating ues on the opposite sides 0f said coking chamber thereabove, said oblong ports of the interior ilues being of gradually increasing width from the pusher to the coke side of the battery; risers in said interior lines positioned above and extending from said oblong ports in a vertical direction aiong the height of theflnes through which risers air to support combustion is supplied to the tlues at a height intermediate the length of the dues; gas burners in the base of the lines adjacent said risers; means for supplying fuel gas to the burners in said titles; a bus fine in the base of each regenerator; and a single chimney tine at one side of said battery with which said bus lines cornmunicate.

2. A coke oven battery comprising alternate coking chambers and heating walls, each heating wall having heating ues therein; a massive regenerator partition wall beneath each heating wall; a pair of regenerators extending crosswise of the length of the battery and positioned beneath each coking chamber in the space between a pair of said massive regenerator partition walls, the regenerators lengthwise of the battery being arranged in pairs of air inilow regenerators alternating with products of combustion outflow regenerators, each pair of regenerators being disposed between a pair of said massive regenerator division walls, the division wall betweenV the regenerators ot each pair of said regenerators being formed by placing the checkers in the regenerators back to back,said division wall being positioned between regenerators in the same phase and the said massive regenerator division wall separating adjacent regenerators in the opposite phase; oblong ports in the base of the fines through which each pair of regenerators beneath each coking chamber is communicably connected with the heating tlues on the opposite sides of said coking chamber thereabove, said oblong ports in the interior liues being of gradually increasing width from the pusher to the coke side of the battery; risers in the interior fines above said oblong ports extending therefrom in a vertical direction along the height of the tiues through which risers air to support combustion is supplied to the fines at a height intermediate the length of the ilues; means for supplying fuel gas to the ilues; a bus tlue in the base of each regenerator; and a single chimney tine at one side of said battery with which said bus iines communicate.

3. A colte oven battery comprising alternate coking chambers and heating walls; a massive regenerator partition wall beneath each heating wall; and checkers in the space between each pair of massive regenerator division walls arranged back to back to form a pair of regenerators extending crosswise of the length of the battery and positioned in said space separated from each other by the division wall formed by the back to back disposition of the checkers, the regenerators lengthwise of the battery being arranged in pairs of air iniow regenerators alternating with products of combustion outiiow regenerators with each aforesaid division wall in each said space formed by placing the checkers back to back positioned between :regenerators in the same phase and the said massive regenerator division walls separating adjacent regenerators in the opposite phase.

d. A coke oven battery comprising alternate coking chambers and heating walls; a massive regenerator partition wall beneath each heating wall; checkers in the space between each pair of massive regenerator division walls arranged back to back to form regenerators extending crosswise of the length of the battery and positioned in said space separated from each other by the division wall formed by the back to back disposition o the checkers, the regenerators lengthwise ot the battery being arranged with air intiow regenerators alternating with products of combustion outflow regenerators with said aforesaid division wall formed by placing the checkers back to back positioned between regenerators in the same phase and the said massive regenerator division walls separating adjacent regenerators in the opposite phase.

5. A coke oven battery comprising alternate coking chambers and heating walls, each heating wall having heating tlues therein; a massive regenerator partition wall beeath each heating wail, and a pair of regenerators extending crosswise of the length of the battery and positioned beneath each coking chamber in thespace between each pair of said regenerator partition walls formed by placing the checkers in said space back to back and end to end to form said pair of regenerators with each regenerator compartmented to provide one compartment for each due in the heating wall thereabove communicating with said regenerator.

6. In a coke oven battery having heating walls and coking chambers arranged in side by side alternating 'relationship, 1a plurality of heating ues in each heating wall, an air port in the sole of each heating flue, and a vertical gas stack in the lowermost portion of the dues of each heating wall positioned with its open bottom directly above an air port in the ilue, the air port outlet opening being larger than the passageway through the stack whereby air entering the tlue from the air port is partitioned, one portion passing through the stack to enter the Hue at an upper region thereof and the balance bypassing the open bottom of the stack to enter the flue directly from said air port and at the sole of the llue, said `air ports in the ues of each heatingwall being graduated in accordance with oven taper to supply more air to the interior flues at the coke side of the battery than to the interior iiues at the pusher' side of the battery to support combustion of the greater volume of gas supplied to said interior coke sideues than to the interior pusher side rlues and to supply in the respective ues of cach heating wall containing a vertical gas stack substantially the same relative amounts of air to the base of the line land to the vertical gas stack, respectively.

7. The coke oven battery deiined in claim 6, in which the vertical gas stacks in adjacent fiues are of different heights. Y

d. The coke oven of claim 6, wherein the air port is oblong in shape, the stack is positioned so that its vertical median intersects the transverse median of the oblong port, the portions of the oblong port at opposite sides of the stack communicating with the ilue, the width of the oblong portion of the ports in certain ues increasing from the pusher side to the coke side of the battery.

9. A coke oven battery comprising coking chambers separated by heating walls each containing a plurality of vertical hair pin ilues, regenerators beneath said coking chambers connected to said ues by ports, the inflow and outtiow regenerators being separated by regenerator division walls positioned beneath the heating walls, bus ues at the base of the regenerators connected thereto by bus iue gas ports for supplying air and for removing waste combustion gases, said regenerators being each lilled with checker bricks arranged back to back thereby partitioning each regenerator into a pair of regenerator sections each extending crosswise of the length of the battery and each having one of said bus dues therein serving during inow to supply combustion air to said regenerator section and during outflow serving for flow of products of combustion from the outiiow flues of a heating wall thereabove through said regenerator section to and through said bus flue, said bus ue being connected with said regcnerator section through ports graduated lto supply more air to the interior ues on the coke side of the battery than to the lines on the pusher side of the battery.

l0. In a coke oven having heating walls and coking chambers arranged in side by side alternating relationship, a plurality of heating lines in each heating wall, the ues being separated one from the other by a flue dividing wall, an a-ir port in the sole of each heating ue, and a vertical gas stack in the lowermost portion of some of said ues positioned with its open bottom directly above the air port, the air port outlet opening being larger than the passageway of the stack whereby air entering the Hue from the air port is partitioned, one portion passing through the stack to enter the tlue at an upper region thereof and the balance by-passing the bottom opening of the stack to enter the flue at the sole thereof directly 'from said air port, said air port outlet opening in the interior ues of each heating wall being graduated in accordance with oven taper to supply more air to the interior ues at the coke side of the battery than to the interior ues at the pusher side of the battery.

11. The coke oven of claim 10, wherein certain of the ues each contains a vertical stack extending laterally out from a ue dividing wall to directly overlie the sole flue air port, whereby air entering the Hue from the air port is partitioned one portion passing through the stack to enter the Hue atan upper .region thereof and the balance by-passing the bottom opening of the stack to enter the ue at the sole thereof directly from theair port, the ratio of the areas of air port and of the stack in each flue containing samebeing substantially the same, maintaining thereby a constant proportionate flow of air through and around the stack in each ilue containing said stack.

12. An underjet coke oven battery comprising alternate coking Vchambers and heating walls, each heating wall having twin fiues therein; a massive regenerator partition wall beneath each heating wall; a pair of regenerators extending crosswise of the length of the battery and positioned beneath each coking chamber and in the space between adjacent regenerator partition walls, the regenerators lengthwise of the battery being arranged in pairs of inow regenerators alternating with products of combustion outllow regenerators, each pair of regenerators being disposed between a pair of said massive regenerator walls, the division wall between the regenerators of each pair of said regenerators being formed by placing the checkers in said space between said pair of said massive division walls back to back and Said regenerators being compartmented by placing the said checkers end to end to form compartment defining walls separating adjacent compartments, each compartment being individual to a i2 flue in a heating wall thereabove; oblong ports in the base of each flue through which a regenenator compartment communicates with said ue, said oblong ports in the interior ues being of gradually increasing width from the pusher to the coke side of the battery; risers in the interior flues above said oblong ports extending therefrom in a vertical direction along the height of the ues through which risers air to support combustion is supplied to the ilues at a height intermediate the length of the ues; a basement space beneath the regenerators; a rich gas main in the basement space; a burner in the base of each ue adjacent the oblong port therein; a gas conduit individual to each flue positioned in the massive regenerator division wall; a pair of manifolds connecting said rich gas main with the gas conduits of each heating wall, one of said pair of manifolds communicating with alternate flues of said heating wall and the other manifold communicating with the remaining fiues of said heating wall; a bus ue in the base of each crosswise extending regenerator of each of said pairs; and a single chimney flue at one side of the battery cornmunicably connected with said bus iiues.

References Cited by the Examiner UNTTED STATES PATENTS 1,876,108 9/32 Van Ackeren 202-141 1,961,264 6/34 Van Ackeren 202-141 2,132,641 10/38 Otto 202-141 2,194,404 3/40 Otto 202--141 2,845,385 7/58 Van Ackeren 202-141 MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner.

ALPHONSO D. SULLIVAN, Examiner. 

1. A COKE OVEN BATTERY COMPRISING ALTERNATE COKING CHAMBER AND HEATING WALLS, EACH HEATING WALL HAVING TWIN FLUES THEREIN; A MASSIVE REGENERATOR PARTITION WALL BENEATH EACH HEATING WALL; A PAIR OF REGENRATORS EXTENDING CROSSWISE OF THE LENGTH OF THE BATTERY AND POSITIONED BENEATH EACH COKING CHAMBER AND IN THE SPACE BETWEEN THE REGENERATORS OF EACH PAIR OF SAID REGENERATORS BEING FORMED BY PLACING THE CHECKERS IN SAID SPACE BACK TO BACK, THE REGENERATORS LENGTHWISE OF THE BATTERY BEING ARRANGED IN PAIRS OF OF AIR INFLOW REGENERATORS ALTERNATING WITH PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION OUTFLOW REGENERATORS; OBLONG PORTS THROUGH WHICH EACH PAIR OF REGENERATORS BENEATH EACH COKING CHAMBER IS COMMUNICABLY CONNECTED WITH THE HEATING FLUES ON THE OPPOOSITE SIDES OF SAID COKING CHAMBER THEREABOVE, SAID OBLONG PORTS OF THE INTERIOR FLUES BEING OF GRADUALLY INCREASING WIDTH FROM THE PUSHER TO THE COKE SIDE OF THE BATTERY; RISERS IN SAID INTERIOR FLUES POSITIONED ABOVE AND EXTENDING FROM SAID OBLONG PORTS IN A VERTICAL DIRECTION ALONG THE HEIGHT OF THE FLUES THROUGH WHICH RISERS 